A written pattern is a compact set of instructions, and the shorthand can look opaque at first. The conventions are consistent, though, so once a handful of abbreviations and the use of brackets are clear, most beginner patterns read smoothly from top to bottom.
Common abbreviations
Abbreviations save space and become quick to recognise. A few that appear in almost every pattern:
- k — knit; p — purl
- st / sts — stitch / stitches
- CO / BO — cast on / bind off
- RS / WS — right side / wrong side
- sc — single crochet; ch — chain; rep — repeat
Patterns usually include their own key. When the same abbreviation can mean different things between knitting and crochet, or between regional styles, the key settles which is meant.
Repeats and brackets
Instructions in brackets or after an asterisk are worked more than once. For example, [k2, p2] three times means knit two then purl two, repeated as a group three times across the row. Reading the bracketed group as a single unit, then counting the repeats, prevents most miscounts.
Gauge and why it matters
Gauge is the number of stitches and rows over a set measurement, usually 10 centimetres. It is the link between a pattern's instructions and a finished piece that fits. Working a gauge swatch in the project yarn and stitch, then measuring it, shows whether to adjust needle or hook size. For a flat scarf the consequences are mild; for a fitted hat or garment, gauge decides whether it fits at all.
Practical habit
Before starting, read the whole pattern once without working it. Note the abbreviations used, the gauge, the materials, and any repeated sections. A pattern read in full holds few surprises later, and it is easier to spot a step that needs a technique you have not yet practised.
Checking as you go
- Count stitches at the end of rows where the pattern states a total; a changed count flags an error early.
- Use a row counter or tally marks for patterns with many repeats.
- Place a removable marker at the start of a repeat so you can confirm the group is intact.